Smith Thompson was the U.S. Secretary of the Navy from 1818-1823, and for the next twenty years after that was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He also had multiple positions for the state of New York in the very early 19th century. This piece was a personally written receipt for payment of money to Smith Thompson by Catherine Livingston. It features a clear signature of Smith Thompson in the bottom right-hand corner.
Transcript: "Received July 10, 1812 of Mrs. Catherine Livingston one hundred and eighty five dollars as a payment on her bond to me. -Smith Thompson"